Ask the Scholars

Interviews from 2003

Question 11
How do you explain 98% genetic similarity but huge phenotypic variation?

If humans are 98% identical to chimpanzees and such a small amount of genetic difference can produce such great phenotypic variation, isn't it disingenuous to claim that the variation among humans and is not enough to separate people into races?

Answers:
Jonathan Marks

Molecular Anthropologist

The question is what does the number mean? Sure, there's one and a half percent genetic difference between a human and a chimpanzee. And that gives us a lot of leeway to have developed walking and talking and sensuality and civilization, and all the other wonderful trappings of being human - out of our genetic background. Obviously, all humans are far more similar to one another than any of them is to a chimpanzee. And obviously there is very little genetic difference at the root of all ...

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Pilar Ossorio

Microbiologist and Bioethicist

If you tried to define races by saying there is some particular nucleotide change or some particular marker that we could point to that helps us distinguish one race from another, then everybody of a particular race would have to have that particular allele. And that's just not the case.